Tuesday, April 20, 2021

High King Caindelban II of Ireland, 1209

Caindelban II concentrated on learning and building up his realm - he wasn't set on expansion and conquest. However, that didn't mean he would be left alone. In 1195, King Evander of England took Deheubarth from Caindelban II's vassal King Congalach ap Caindelban' of Wales'  vassal Lord Cynwrig ap Rhufon of Ynys Mon in a holy war, which meant that all other vassals were also deposed.



In 1200, King Caindelban II helped King Conall II of Scotland,  whom he was allied with through marriage between his son Flaitheman with Princess Marthoc of Scotland, win the Earldom of Inverness from Petty King Haraldr II Haraldrsson of Mön.

However, the priority was to recover the lost territories in Wales, and for that he declared war over the title of Wales to his brother King Congalach ab Caindelban of Wales. He called his ally Captain Fiachnae mac Gilla-Ruad of Band of Kerns, his cousin Gilla Ruad mac Fiachnae gCais-Cruachu's sonto arms. In December 1201, King Caindalban II recovered the title of King of Wales, and took his brother Congalach as vassal.

That was not the end of it, as Congalach was at the same time defending against two holy wars for the Lordship of Ferlix and Duchy of Powys, respectively against Lord Matad of Brycheniog and Countess Sig Wulfdohtor of Herefordshire. Right after conquering Wales, Caindalban II dealt with these two enemies swiftly, at the same time also helping King Conall II defend against the rebel vassal Banmormaer Anlaith MacFaeldobur of Caithness. After that, the realm of Ireland was unified, but Deheubarth was still in the hands of King Evander of England.


In 1204, Caindelban II had to face a revolt for higher autonomy from his vassals, led by his cousin Duke Briccene mac Conmal of Ulster and Gwynedd, founder and head of the house gCais-Padraig and his brother Prince Finnacan mac Caindelban of Ireland, Duke of Leinster,  founder and head of the house gCais-Gabhran. Both had a respectable army, so help from the allies Captain Fiachnae and King Conall II was more than welcome. Only in June 1207 did King Caindelban II manage to crush the revolt,  the leaders were imprisoned and had to give up their titles. King Caidelban moved on to reassign them.

So in 1209, High King Caindelban II mac Caindelban was holding the titles of King and Ireland and Wales, Petty King of Munster and Leinster, Earl of Thomond, Ormond, Desmond, Leinster and Ossory. His vassals were:


Duke Rian ab Aengus of Meath, head of the house Llewellyn (Dal-gCais), had the titles of Duke of Meath and Earl of Ceredigion and Dulyn. His vassal was Caindalban II's cousin late Earl Abban mac Coflaith's grandson Earl Abban mag Eochad of Athlone.


Caindalban's brother Prince Dinertach mac Caindelban of Ireland, head of the house Got (Dal-gCais), had the titles of Duke of Connacht and Earl of Mayo, and as vassals Caindalban II's cousin late Aileann nic Cobflaith's son Earl Udalschalk mag Aileann of Ui Mhaine, head of the house gCais-Gaillimhe, and Caindalban's cousin late Countess Mael Muire nig Ailpin's son Earl Ailpin Mael-Muire of Breifne, head of the house gCais-Inis.


Duchess Gwerfyl ferch Meilys of Powys was also Lord of Ferlix and Penllyn and had no vassals.

Caindelban II's cousin Ciar nic Fiachnae's son Duke Bhatair mac Ciar of Ulster
was Duke of Ulster and Earl of Ulster and Oriel, and as a vassal he had Caindelban's greatson Earl Abel mac Gormflaith of Ailech.


Caindalban II's cousin late Aengus mac Cobflaith's great-son Duke Senchan mac Somhairle of Gwynedd was Duke of Gwynedd, Lord of Perfeddwlad and as vassals he had 



Caindelban II had three sons (Caindelban, Flaitheman and Loeguire) and one daughter (Gormflaith) None of these had good skills, but anyway Caindelban had picked Flaitheman as a main heir.




All of living Caindelban II's brother had founded new houses. Dinertach had founded Got, Congalach had founded Evans and Finnacan had founded gCais-Gabhran.



Among the descendants of the other Caindelban II's siblings, only Sithmaith's daughter Aine had created a house, Ruairc.


On the part of Caindalban's aunt Cobflaith nic Faelan, two houses existed: Duke Rian ab Aengus of Meath's LLewellyn, and Earl Udalschalk mag Aileann of Ui Mhaine's gCais-Gaillimhe.



Caindalban's cousin Briccene mac Comnal had also founded a house, gCais-Padraig, whose head now was Conmal mac Muirenn. 


And of course Caindalban's uncle Fiachnae mac Faelan had founded gCais-Cruachu , whose head was now his daughter Countess Maire nic Fiachnae of Ui Mhaine.

Other houses, such as Caindelban II's greatfather Faelan mac Brian's brother Earl Sean mac Brian's  Laighin, Faelan's cousin Ailpin mac Donnchd of Ailech gCais-Fathain and Faelan's uncle Enguerrand mac Murchad of Ulster's gCais-Inis had become irrelevant.



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